P6 Interactions — Environment (Concept Map)

Environment

all the living and non-living things affecting the organisms in it

conditions of the environment

Living factorsproducers · consumers · decomposers

Non-living factorsthe physical conditions that affect organisms: temperature, water, air, light and the type of soil

organisation in an environment

Organism → Populationsame species, living and reproducing together at one place and time

Habitat → Communitydifferent populations living together and depending on one another

interactions between organisms

Beneficialplants give oxygen, food, shelter · decomposers return nutrients

Harmfulplants compete for light, space, nutrients and water · bacteria & fungi spread disease

water, wind and soil

Windmoving air — very strong winds can wreck a habitat and kill many organisms at once

Waterliving things need water for their essential life processes

Soilsandy drains fastest, clayey slowest, loamy is best for most plants

air, light and temperature

Airnearly all living things need oxygen for respiration and green plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis; in water, organisms use the dissolved air

Lightthe Sun keeps almost all life going; plants trap light energy for photosynthesis

Temperaturehow hot or cold an environment is; warm-blooded animals must keep their body temperature steady

predator and prey

The laga predator's population size always lags behind its prey's

Rise and fallwhen prey is plentiful, predators breed faster than they die and numbers rise; when prey becomes scarce, numbers fall

Floating plantsmore floating plants block more light, so fully-submerged plants make food more slowly

habitats and their communities

Ponda lot of water, loamy soil at the bottom — duckweed, hydrilla, fish, frog, mosquito larva and pupa

Mangrove swampa lot of water and clayey soil — mangrove tree, fish, crab, mudskipper

Fieldmoderate water in loamy soil, high light — grass, lallang, snail, grasshopper

Leaf littervery low light, fairly constant temperature, poor air circulation — dead plant matter, earthworm, woodlouse

a garden community

Three populationsbutterflies, ladybirds and aphids are the three populations in one garden community

Caterpillars and butterfliesa caterpillar is the young of a butterfly, so together they form one population, not two