P4 Matter (Concept Map)
Primary 4 Science — Concept Map
Created by Miss Clarissa Ng · www.clartutors.com
Matter — anything with mass and volume
Everything around us that is made of matter, and how its three states behave
Matter has mass and occupies space; light, music and shadows do not.
Mass is measured in kg or g; volume in cm³, ml or l — and each needs its own apparatus.
Solid = definite shape + volume · liquid = definite volume only · gas = neither.
Solids and liquids cannot be compressed; gases can be compressed and expand to fill any container.
Matter displaces other matter: the stone raises the water level, and water fills the air gaps between marbles.
What matter is
Made of matterliving things and non-living things are both made of matter — marbles, water and air all count
Not matterlight, music and shadows have no mass and occupy no space, so they are not matter
Two propertiesmatter has mass and occupies space — a thing that has neither is not matter
Mass
Amount of mattermass measures how much matter is in an object
Unitskilograms (kg) and grams (g)
Measured witha beam balance, a weighing scale or an electronic balance
Volume
Space taken upvolume measures how much space an object occupies — a larger volume takes up more space
Unitscubic centimetres (cm³), millilitres (ml) and litres (l)
Measured witha measuring cylinder, a beaker or a syringe
The three states
Solidhas a definite shape and a definite volume
Liquidhas no definite shape — it takes the shape of its container — but a definite volume
Gashas no definite shape and no definite volume
Can it be compressed?
Solids and liquidscannot be compressed — a syringe filled with them cannot be pushed in
Gasescan be compressed — the same gas is squeezed into a smaller space
Gases fill their containera gas has no fixed volume and spreads out to fill whatever space is available
Matter takes up space
Displaced watera stone dropped into a beaker pushes the water aside, so the water level rises
Air gapswater poured over marbles fills the gaps between them, pushing the air out
A sealed bottleair inside cannot escape, so water cannot flow in freely; leave a gap and the air escapes